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Intervertebral disc extrusion is a frequent cause of acute spinal cord compression in chondrodystrophic breeds. Rapid localisation of the lesion shortens the interval between presentation and decompressive surgery.

Dogs were scanned under general anaesthesia with a standardised protocol. Two observers independently recorded the affected site, lateralisation and longitudinal extent of extruded material, and agreement was assessed before comparison with intraoperative findings.

Computed tomography provided sufficient information for surgical planning in the majority of cases, while magnetic resonance imaging remained useful when spinal cord oedema was suspected.

Chronic kidney disease is common in senior cats and is often recognised only after a substantial loss of renal function. Serial monitoring of renal biomarkers may support earlier dietary and medical intervention.

Medical records of cats attending routine health checks were reviewed. Blood pressure, urine specific gravity and body condition were recorded alongside biochemical values at each visit.

Regular rechecks at fixed intervals allowed trends to be interpreted for each cat rather than relying on a single reference interval.

Medial patellar luxation is one of the most common orthopaedic conditions in small-breed dogs. Surgical correction aims to realign the quadriceps mechanism and deepen the trochlear groove.

Postoperative care included controlled exercise, underwater treadmill sessions and regular radiographic review. Owners were given written home-care instructions at discharge.

Combining surgery with a planned rehabilitation programme was associated with steady recovery of limb function.

Dogs with acute respiratory distress may not tolerate restraint for radiography on arrival. A rapid bedside examination can guide stabilisation while minimising handling.

A standardised scanning protocol was performed by emergency clinicians during the first hour of hospitalisation, and findings were compared with subsequent imaging.

The approach was feasible during overnight shifts and supported early treatment decisions.

Situational hypertension can complicate the interpretation of blood pressure in cats examined in a busy clinic. Environmental adjustments may reduce this effect.

The protocol included separate waiting areas, reduced lighting, towel wrapping and an acclimatisation period before measurement.

Simple changes to the clinical environment supported more reliable measurements.

Meningoencephalitis of unknown origin is an important differential for neurological signs in young and middle-aged small-breed dogs.

Images were acquired with a standard brain protocol, and lesion location, number and contrast enhancement were reviewed by two observers.

Recognising characteristic patterns supports timely treatment while further tests are pending.

Rehabilitation after orthopaedic surgery aims to restore limb use while protecting the surgical repair. Hydrotherapy reduces load on joints during early recovery.

Sessions were adjusted for water height, speed and duration according to each dog's progress and comfort.

A structured programme provided owners with clear goals during the recovery period.